Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Explanatory Analysis - Essay Example district who will in general dwell in the uptown Maryland and the Republican legal counselors of a similar zone, who lives in the rural pieces of Virginia. On the off chance that a legal advisor of Maryland is approached to move their home to Virginia, they would simply give an astounded look as though something odd and incomprehensible has been proposed to them. Something very similar would occur when an Interior decorator of West Hollywood is approached to move to Orange County. Correspondingly a barista having a place with proprietors from Athens named â€Å"In Georgia† would not discover them fit for serving espresso to the American residents. A similar grumbling can be seen all over the place. In the advanced period of data and innovation, the late creator James Chapin noticed a wonderful comparability between the better places and the occupants and in this setting he said â€Å"every place turns out to be progressively similar to itself†. In the prior days individuals used to consider those spots appropriate for living which incorporates loads of industrial facility or different methods for income, while now similar individuals search for spots to live which comprises of individuals having a place with their way of life. The creator finds that the general individuals love dividing themselves. As indicated by him, the individuals are, â€Å"finding places where we are agreeable and where we believe we can flourish†. In this setting the complexity idea of the United States has been put under spotlight which frequently displays differentiation between the establishments and squares yet overall they present themselves as an assorted country. Mr. Creek expresses that assorted variety is frequently comprehended as racial solidarity. Numerous social reformers attempted to consolidate this thought in their methodologies towards a general public without racial segregation and it end up being fruitful in the underlying years. Anyway the statistics information of 2000 uncovers that racially coordinated neighborhoods were found to ascend during the 90s yet because of some obscure explanation the African families who were remaining prior with their

home schooling essays

self-teaching expositions Self-teaching is starting to be renowned increasingly more as guardians stress over the nature of training being given their kid in the midst of increasingly more viciousness, disarray and clashes on the planet. Self-teaching was thought to have previously settled because of strict concerns. Be that as it may, the idea of self-teaching is venturing into various nations, for example, the Philippines as a handy option in contrast to the general population and non-public school framework. Self-teaching is one of the most adaptable and different instructive alternative accessible today. The assortment of self-teaching styles mirrors the decent variety of the individuals who pick this technique. A few families sort out their self-teach equivalent to a conventional school, with the kids examining similar subjects a similar route as open and tuition based school understudies. They simply get the educational plan of the conventional schools and show it in their very homes. Then again, a few families utilize the contrary methodology and un-school their youngsters a far less organized methodology where the childrens plan is dictated by their inclinations and availability. Most home-schoolers, in any case, utilize a mixed methodology that is incompletely organized and somewhat intriguing based. This technique permits guardians to single out the classes and materials that meet their childrens needs. For some home-schoolers, probably the best advantage of self-teaching is the reinforcing of family bonds. Self-teaching families invest bunches of energy learning and playing together and this normally makes close ties among siblings and sisters and among kids and guardians. Home-schoolers likewise have a lot of adaptability in how and what they realize, permitting them to find out about this present reality by being a piece of it. These points of interest permit self-taught kids to get training that is adjusted explicitly to their own needs, learning style, character, and premiums. This at that point influences their future incredibly. O... <!

Huckleberry Finn Paper: Why the Ending Was a Let Down Essay

All through the novel, Huck and Jim are confronted with issues and undertakings. Jim shows Huck the ‘right’ approach to things and how to treat individuals. A large portion of the novel Huck develops as an individual and develops. One may contend that it was on the grounds that he was around different grown-ups. Yet, towards the last piece of the book, his old companion, Tom Sawyer shows up and Huck is up to his old deceives once more. In the previous pieces of the book, Huck was extremely free and thought of his own arrangements to escape awful circumstances, however directly after Tom meandered once more into the story Huck just concurs with everything and anything that his companion proposes. He poses inquiries and reveals to Tom that it is simpler to play out the arrangement his own specific manner, yet Tom consistently puts his thoughts down and can't help contradicting it. Obviously, all through the initial 66% of the novel, Huck’s character develops and Huc k turns out to be progressively self-subordinate, however all aspects of the story that Tom is engaged with, he makes Huck return to his regular old way. In part 16, there are two men that discussion to Huck and inquire as to whether he’s seen any out of control slaves. From the start Huck dithers to answer on the grounds that he’s had a southern childhood which encouraged him to imagine that slaves are people’s property and in the event that you see one attempting to get away, you turn them in. Be that as it may, in another idea, Huck doesn’t truly need to turn him in on the grounds that he’s been having such a decent time with Jim and they’ve become great companions now. At long last, Huck makes up a story that his Pap is in the wigwam and that he has smallpox. The men in the kayak are put off by this data and feel frustrated about Huck and his dad, so they put forty dollars on a bit of flotsam and jetsam and advise Huck to take it. â€Å"Then I thought a moment, snd says to myself, hang on: s’pose you’d ‘a’ done right and surrender Jim, okay felt better than you do now? No, says I, I’d feel badâ€I’d feel only a similar way I do now Well, at that point, says I, what’s the utilization you figuring out how to do right when it’s inconvenient to do right and ain’t no difficulty to do wrong†¦?† (Pg. 91) This mentality towards Jim is altogether different from his prior one, in a past part Tom assists Huck with escaping the Widow’s house and Jim hears them making commotion in the shrubberies. The two young men hold up in the brush until Jim nods off and before they leave Tom has a thought that Huck doesn’t truly need to do on the grounds that he believes that they may get captured. Tom winds up doing it at any rate however; he takes Jim’s cap and places it in the branches and binds Jim to the tree that he nodded off under. None of this was Huck’s thoughts, which makes Tom the less develop of the two. This is the beginning degree of Huck’s character where Tom can guide Huck and his companion does never dissents for long on the grounds that he accepts that Tom is so stunning and he truly admires him. Huck feels that on the off chance that he does what Tom says, at that point he will be similarly as cool as his closest companion. Later on in the novel this progressions and he begins to shape his very own psyche. He even begins to wander from what he knows as ‘what is right’. In part 26, the duke and the dauphin attempt to con $6,000 out of the Wilk’s family. One of the little girls, Joanna, can feel that something is going on and begins to address Huck to see whether they’re lying or not. From the start Huck attempts to mislead her, yet as Joanna’s cross examination goes on, her sisters advise her to be obliging towards their visitors. Huck felt awful about the circumstance since he realized that his swindler friends were going to take this family’s cash. â€Å"I felt so ornery and down and out and imply that I says to myself, my mind’s made up; I’ll hive that cash for them or bust †(175). So he thinks about an arrangement to reclaim the cash that the duke and the dauphin took from them. I accept that in the event that he had not grown up from his past experiences with Jim, he would not have minded that these men were taking this cash from these individuals, in certainty he’d likely need some of it for assisting. In any case, Huck was extremely thoughtful for the family and attempted to his best degree to fix what the conmen had done. This is a circumstance that demonstrates how far Huck has originated from being determined what to do and admiring Tom. Huck is presently ready to shape his own conclusions about things and begins to think â€Å"Hey, I am ready to get things done all alone. I don’t need Tom, or conmen, or any other person to guide me any more.† In section 31, Huck finds that Jim is offered to a family by the dauphin. After he learns this, he begins to compose a note to Tom so he can tell the Widow were Jim is so she can go get him, yet then he concludes that he doesn’t need to turn Jim in. He’s had such a significant number of encounters with him on the stream; he’s for all intents and purposes his family now. He even cried before when he discovered that Jim had been caught. In the event that he had been a similar child that he was before the experiences with Jim, he would have felt that it was the proper thing for him to do by handing his companion over. However, all through the novel he discovered that Jim is a human as well, he’s not a bit of property. Jim has emotions, musings, and even a family. Huck was raised to imagine that helping slaves was an awful thing, yet starting now and into the foreseeable future he realized that he would follow his heart and chose â€Å"All right at that point, I’ll go to hell!† (214). Here is another model that demonstrates that Huck’s character has been developing all through the novel. It shows this as a result of everything that this kid has experienced he has discovered that it’s not in every case best to do what society says is correct, now and again it’s even amazingly off-base and ought to never be finished. In section 35, the two young men consider plans to get Jim out. Huck thinks about a short and simple arrangement, while Tom considers something increasingly entangled. Tom additionally grumbles about how his Uncle Silas ought to have a guardian, guard dogs, a channel, and a bunch of different impediments that make their undertaking harder to perform. At this point, Huck is so hypnotized by Tom since he imagines that everything that his companion does is incredible to such an extent that nothing can turn out badly if Tom’s doing it. Tom gets his way, not surprisingly, and they begin taking things that they need from Aunt Sally. They go through weeks on getting Jim out, when Huck’s thought would have just taken a couple of days and no more; Tom most likely would not have gotten shot either. At a certain point Jim even lifted his chain from underneath the bed and went outside to support the young men. They could have quite recently left without even a second's pause, however Tom needed to make Jim’s escape as troublesome as could reasonably be expected. In the event that it was simply Huck and Jim, they would have quite recently left! This piece of the novel was incredibly difficult to peruse, there was no good reason for draw out Jim’s escape, as of now in the plotline everything that had been made before was simply being deleted and there was only no good reason for the remainder of this specific experience with Tom; it was surely not helping Huck’s character out. This last area of the book took walks in reverse from Huck’s improvement of development all through the novel. It resembled stepping forward just to take twenty all the more in reverse. Also, in general makes the closure of the book somewhat disillusioning, Huck is directly back where he began, he’s now living in a house with another family that will attempt to strip him of his opportunity and make him progressively socialized. As I would like to think, the last experience of the story destroyed what the others had developed for Huck’s character. Toward the finish of the story Huck had returned to revering Tom and succumbing to the entirety of his manipulative lies similarly as in the past.

Violence - Problem in Our Society - Free Essay Example

What a breezy day! Olivia thought as she skipped along the sidewalk holding on to her fathers hand. Acknowledging his every move, she thought, Daddy is so handsome; I kind of look like him! As Oliva and her family finished up their afternoon walk around their neighborhood, talks about going to the movies got Oliva and her three siblings excited. Hurrying to get home, they noticed Sergio the neighbor had stormed out of his house yelling; in his hand, he carried a gun! Fear and panic filled Olivias little heart. Run, run, daddy lets run home! were the last words Olivia said as Sergio fatally shot her and her handsome daddy. This unfortunate and dreadful story is as real as night and day. According to NBC News, Olivia Stoffel and her father were victims of a rage disorder. Army veteran Sergio Valencia del Toro, after a fight with his girlfriend, shot a stranger and turned his gun on the Stoffels (NBC News). After extensive research on the shooters background history, police discovered that Sergio had an extensive history of psychiatric problems and suicide treats, a drinking problem and yet with his condition, he owned a .9mm semiautomatic pistol and eight more other guns at home, which he bought, because he had no criminal record. A gun at home makes homicide three times more likely, suicide up to five times as likely, and accidental death four times higher than a non-gun owning homes, according to Childrens Defense. As a constitutional right to own guns, when will the government draw the line, with gun owners who have a clean criminal record but have a mental illness? When will parent who own guns, learn that it is imperative to have full control of access where children cannot find them? Gun violence has become a developing problem in our society. W e hear about mass shootings at schools, children killing children as an outrage of anger, and women being victims of domestic violence and murdered by their domestic partners. How do these individuals gain access to these weapons? As the law states that we do have the right to bear arms but does this law favor society as whole? Is owing a gun, because the second amendment states we can, mandatory? Guns should not be put in the wrong hands of the wrong individuals. Guns need to be locked away in safes where only the owner can access it. New gun control laws need to be created to give our future generations an opportunity to live in a violence free world. But, why do people feel that they need to own a gun? According to the Gallup poll from 2005, protection is the main reason why people own guns. This is rather a very controversially point, granted there are many alternatives for a person to protect themselves. I am strong believer that families who have children should never own a gun, in fact, should seek alternative protective measures. As a parent, I have always questioned whether my home should be a place where a gun resides or are there alternatives for my familys protection. After further research, I have come across alternatives that till this day are worth more to me than buying a gun. Placing our home under surveillance will not always guarantee protection, but according to the Ad council 3 out of 5 burglars will seek an alternative ta rget if there is an alarm or home security system onsite, such as guard dogs. Although I favor gun control, if I have the opportunity to change the laws about families owning guns, I would incline to a gun free home.

Women in Sports Essay example - 938 Words

Women in Sports Historical evidence proves that women have been involved in sports since fourth century BC; but were not necessarily given the approval to participate. Many restrictions were enforced to keep women out of these male activities and were continually reinforced until the twentieth century. Women entering the world of sports were aware that they were placing themselves into a male dominated field. With their entrance into the sporting world, these women have opened themselves up to many different criticisms and to the possibility of exploitation within the media and from male authority figures. Women in sports are constantly striving for equality where hegemonic masculinity in†¦show more content†¦One issue faced by female athletes in their chosen sport, is the perception they lack physical capabilities and the issues surrounding this myth. Before the 1920’s women were only allowed to participate in sports that required little to no physical activity (Simri 40-48). Wom en at a young age were taught that their bodies are physically weaker than males. As a result, women would not use their bodies to their full capability in fear of being socially ostracized or causing bodily harm to themselves. Thus, perpetuating the false notion that they were inherently weaker than male athletes. These ideas of female frailty emerged during the beginning of the twentieth century and are only now being proven wrong. Physicians and physical therapists have proven that there is very little difference in physical ability between female and male athletes given equal training. Many women have begun to realize their natural abilities and have started to take part in more physical demanding sports. However, there is still the lingering impression that women cannot produce the aggression that certain sports require. This notion is popular among women as well as men (Dowling). The media’s depiction of female sporting events, also have a direct impact on the success of female athletes and their selected sport. The general media, consisting of photographers, editorsShow MoreRelatedWomen and Sports1522 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Thesis There is a definite correlation between the economics of professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s sports and their ultimate success. As most success in sport leagues, teams and associations are measured by longevity, win/loss records, and most importantly, revenue, the footprint of female competition at the professional level has not been paramount at any point in our history. Professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s athletics is characterized by an economic model and a level of acceptance amongst the massesRead More Women in Sports and Sports Broadcasting Essay584 Words   |  3 PagesWomen in Sports and Sports Broadcasting Before I conducted this media analysis about women in sports and sport broadcasting, I hypothesized the obvious - that more male sports would be in the media, and that there would be more male sports broadcasters as well. Through my observations I did find that the sports arena and sports broadcasting sphere are male dominated. However, I also found that although there are not many stories about women, there has been a steady progression and magazinesRead MoreWomen and Sport Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesWomen and Sport Turn on your TV screen and there’s a high probability that a sports game will be on at one channel. Unless it’s a special sports channel such as ‘sky sports’ etc. you will easily realise it is men playing the relevant sport. Ever wondered why? Why aren’t women’s sports as amazingly popular as the large market of men’s sports? Millions are spent on men’s sports and men sports’ propaganda but why aren’t women’s sports as popular? They are physically andRead MoreWomen Discrimination In Sports1572 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination in Women Sports Women have always been the minority in today’s world whether that’s in the work force or even in sports. Title IX a act that was made by the United States Congress in 1972 that said that no one should be denied to play, receive financial aid, or discrimination to any education program or activity that pertains to only one sex. (Senne 1) This act was a step towards more female participation and less discrimination, but those stereotypes most of society believes in stillRead More Women and Sports Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesWomen and Sports As it becomes increasingly acceptable for women to be athletic in American culture, a new question arises: in which sports should women be allowed to participate? From a physiological standpoint, it has been scientifically proven that female bodies do not differ significantly enough from male bodies to prevent them from participation in any male sports. This division between male and female sports clearly stems from age-old, socially constructed norms of femininity and masculinityRead MoreThe Future of Women in Sports1080 Words   |  5 PagesThe Future of Women in Sports As the year 2010 has arrived, the problem of the portrayal of women in sports no longer lies in their fight for equality and opportunity, but in fighting off the competition with men. It is no longer an issue of women not being taken seriously or being looked down upon if they decide to be athletes, but that men want to take part in competition with women in sports. This film thus focuses on the struggles that the male protagonist faces in trying to compete withRead MoreEssay on Women in Sports961 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Sports Challenges appear to be part of the human experience. In the course of history, very little has come easily. The progress that women have made in sport in the United States over the course of the last 100 years seems remarkable for the amount achieved in so little time. In relation to the other advances made in this century, including mens sport, that achievement dims. While women have made great advances, they havent, in comparison, come that far. It would appear, from theRead MoreThe Role Of Women In Sports1541 Words   |  7 PagesWomen have always been the minority in the world even today: that is in the work force or even in sports. Title IX, an act that was made by the United States Congress in 1972, said that no one should be denied to play, receive financial aid, or discriminate to any education program or activity that pertains to only one sex (Senne 1). This act was a step towards improving female participation and lessening discrimination, but the stereotypes that most of society believes in still exist. This is oneRead MoreEssay on Women in Sports707 Words   |  3 PagesWomen in Sports In the last one hundred years women have made tremendous inroads in many facets of life. Of that there can be little doubt. Women may now hold jobs, own property and participate in professional sports. Today women can compete in sports, once a vestige of male domination; there is now room for women in that arena. But even today women in sports are not portrayed in the same light as their male counterparts. To a large degree this is because of todays cultural ideal of women.Read More Women and Sports Essays3142 Words   |  13 Pagesyears for women to gain a semblance of equality in sports. Throughout history, women have been both excluded from playing sports and discriminated against in sports. Men’s sports have always dominated the college athletic field, but women were finally given a fighting chance after Title IX was passed. Title IX, among other things, requires scholarships to be equally proportioned between men and women’s sports. Although this was a huge gain f or women, gender inequality still exists in sports today. An

Is It A Man - 914 Words

â€Å"Be a man?† What does that mean? In order to be a man, one must first understand what a man is. In a world where there are several contrasting viewpoints on various issues and ideas, there is no single definition as to what a man is or what traits a man holds. The general definition of a man is â€Å"a matured male human being† (Man 1). That definition leaves room for many to further interpret what they believe a man is and allows for misconceptions to be formed. Now, a man is described as being strong, courageous, and tough. Even though these traits are true for men in some situations, a man is truly defined by the way he presents himself with confidence, maturity, and nobility. Men relate to the word man in different ways. In a video by Cut on YouTube, men ages 5 to 50 are asked what they think of when someone tells them to â€Å"be a man.† Many of the men in the video saw the phrase as telling them to be strong, to be courageous, or to take responsibility, but some of the men saw the phrase as an insult or misleading. One participant said that the phrase was said to him when he was being a â€Å"wuss† and they wanted him to buck up. This shows how this term has been used to make boys think that they must do some unwise things in order for them to be accepted by their peers and to be viewed as a â€Å"man.† It has caused some to believe that they must always be tough and that if they break their resilient demeanor, they are no longer men. It is a major reason as to why the phrase â€Å"men don’tShow MoreRelatedThe Connection Between Man And Man946 Words   |  4 Pagesmade up the new world the first element was the connect betw een man and man. When the awakening happen life its self became the number one priority. The second element was the connect with man and nature. Man gained a new appreciation for earth and became connected to the trees, wind, and all other earthly things. The third element was the connection between man and god. God present was now known and there was no more denying that. Man was now aware of their innate self. Heaven was present on earthRead MoreMasculinity As A Man s Man2606 Words   |  11 Pagesdefined as a male who was a man’s man that exemplified President Theodore Roosevelt’s idea of pulling one’s self up by the bootstraps. Over the years, especially in literature, the evolution of masculinity can be directly traced through careful and considerate evaluation and analysis. As we explore the evolution of masculinity, the key elements to fully understand include what exactly it means to be a man, how this concept has changed over time, and what it means to be a man in today’s society. When theRead MoreMan s Inhumanity Of Man2301 Words   |  10 PagesMany innocent lives were lost including one and a half million children. Throughout the film, man’s inhumanity to man is shown greatly and can be very graphic for one’s eyes to see. The concept of â€Å"man’s inhumanity to man† is shown by killing the well-educated, innocent people, and any person that categorized â€Å"useless†. Schindler’s List is the best example portraying man’s inhumanity to man because it exemplifies how there once was a time where cruelty due to power murdered millions of innocent livesRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man Wright’s Story, â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† is a unique story of a man who is perpetually stuck in a state of juvenoia. Wright’s story is a more interesting one where we have a character that is underdeveloped socially, intellectually, and emotionally. Dave Sanders, â€Å"this man-child†, searches for his identity in the South as a sharecropper, an economic situation that erases personal identity through impoverishment. Dave, an uneducated and immature child sharecroppingRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost a Man749 Words   |  3 PagesI am going to write a sequel to the short passage, â€Å" The Man Who Was Almost A Man,† which was written by Richard Wright. I am going to start from the time where Dave received the pistol, to the time where he got in trouble. After buying the pistol, Dave walks around the fields with it, admiring the gun but too scared and unsure of how to fire it. He is very anxious about firing the gun. He waits until it’s dark and he’s sure everyone has already fallen asleep before going home, and he puts theRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man924 Words   |  4 PagesJune 9, 2015 The Man Who Was Almost a Man The story took place in a farm, where the main character named Dave is working. Dave is a poor African-American teenage boy who works on a plantation where he is plowing the fields. On his way home for supper he saw some men who have guns and was practicing shooting, where he sparked his interest to buy a gun. And there he went to a store and borrowed a catalog. The store w if he is planning to buy something, because he wasn’t the one who keeps and savesRead MoreThe Narrator Of A Black Man Or A White Man959 Words   |  4 PagesNew York to live out his life. It is at this point that the narrator begins to embody the ex-colored man that the novel’s title suggests. The narrator makes a point that he does not choose to live as a black man or a white man. Instead, he chooses to live and allow society to decide what he is and treat him accordingly. However, he does acknowledge that he wouldn t choose to live as a black man because of the shame that he attributes with be ing African American. This close reading is significantRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man1453 Words   |  6 PagesA Misguide To Power Intro: â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, and â€Å"Paul’s Case† by Willa Cather, are two narratives that explore the journey of two African-American boys who take on unethical measures for control over their oppressed state towards a prosperous future. Many of the problems these characters face are similar but under different circumstances. While Dave Saunders works in a plantation under a white owner, he slaves his life away to support his family. The unequal treatmentRead MoreAndrogynous Man794 Words   |  4 PagesThe Appeal of the Androgynous Man â€Å"Androgyny is a term derived from the Greek words andros, meaning man and gynà ©, meaning woman, referring to the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics. This may be as in fashion, sexual identity, or sexual lifestyle or it may refer to biologically inter-sexed physicality, especially with regards to plant and human sexuality.† What makes a good relationship? Is it healthy for two people in a relationship to be exactly alike? In my opinion two peopleRead MoreMan and Masculinity1029 Words   |  5 Pagesconventionally supposed to make a man an excellent specimen†; but what exactly are those qualities? Many would say that physical strength, ability to compete in sports, or even the ability to hold liquor are all parts of masculinity. In ancient Greece, they called this quality andreia, literally meaning â€Å"manliness†. In truth, masculinity is a much deeper trait that can be viewed differently by a variety of people. Realistically, masculinity cannot be defined universally. A man who is considered masculine

Applied Finance Management Income Statement

Question: Discuss about theApplied Finance Managementfor Income Statement. Answer: Introduction Report presented here deals with the preparation of the projected financial statements for Ajay Trivedi Pty Ltd for the period from January 2016 to June 2016. The projections are prepared taking as base the historical financial data of the company and considering the future requirements. Income Statement The income statement showing month wise position of the companys profitability from January 2016 to June 2016 is presented in the appendix-1. The income statement has been prepared considering the following major assumptions: The contracts revenues have been assumed to be increasing at a rate of 10% month over the amount of the previous month. The gross profit margin has been kept between the ranges of 45-50%. The operating expenses such as depreciation, salary and wages, and telephone etc have been assumed to be increasing at a rate of 10% per month. Balance Sheet The balance sheet of the company showing month wise position of the assets and liabilities of the company has been presented in appendix-2. The projections included in the balance sheet cover current assets, fixed assets, current liabilities, long terms liabilities, and owners equity. It has been assumed that with the increase in the business, the assets and liabilities will increase month by month. The major assumptions made in preparing the balance sheet are listed below: The current ratio has been kept more than 5:1. The acid test ratio has been kept at more than 1:1 Further, the solvency ratio has been maintained at more than 20% through all the months of projection. It has been assumed that the assets and liabilities will increase by 10% each month over the previous month. Cash Budget The cash flow statement showing the cash receipts, payments, and available balance for each month from January 2016 to June 2016 has been presented in appendix-3. The major assumptions made out in respect of preparation of the cash estimations are listed as below: The ending balance has to be maintained enough to cover the payment of current liabilities of the ensuing month. The payment to suppliers and for expenses is assumed to get increased at the rate of 10% each month. The company will repay the bank loan from April onward in monthly installments of $30,000. Comment on Critical Ratios The ratios considered critical in evaluating the financial performance and position of the company have been presented in appendix-4. As regards the profitability, the net profit margin, gross profit margin, and return on equity show that company earnings are very high. Further, high current ratio and acid test ratio indicates good position as regards liquidity (Tracy, 2012). The equity ratio and debt to equity ratio indicates that the solvency risk is low as the company is using more equity than debt (Gibson, 2012). References Gibson, C.H. 2012. Financial Reporting and Analysis. Cengage Learning. Tracy, A. 2012. Ratio Analysis Fundamentals: How 17 Financial Ratios Can Allow You to Analyse Any Business on the Planet. RatioAnalysis.net.

Turing Test from Computer Science

The importance of the Turing Test First of all, there is a need to point out that the Turing Test was created to determine artificial intelligence of the machine. In other words, the original aim of test creation was to understand whether the machine can think or no. Oppy Graham and Dowe David (2011) are of the opinion that, â€Å"The phrase The Turing Test is sometimes used more generally to refer to some kinds of behavioural tests for the presence of mind, or thought, or intelligence in putatively minded entities† (para. 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Turing Test from Computer Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While investigating artificial intelligence, one is to determine the basic aims of the test. So, the primary goals are to understand the nature of the process of thinking, and the ways intelligent entities are built. While analyzing human intelligence in relation to the Turing Test, one is to determine the functions, the degree they are fulfilled, and the ways these functions are carried out. Machine learning, automated reasoning, knowledge representation, and natural language processing are the required capabilities to succeed in passing the test. Objective idea of intelligence is considered to be the most important advantage of the test. Tyler Cowen and Michelle Dawson (2009) state that, â€Å"To pass the test, the machine has to be intelligent but it also should be responsive in a manner which cannot be distinguished from a human being† (p. 1). While speaking about thinking humanly, one is to keep in mind the so-called cognitive science approach. In other words, this approach should reflect the way the human mind works and the process computer systems should reflect such work. So, computer is to mimic human intellect. Thinking rationally is another approach, which is to be discussed. This includes logic and main obstacles. The last category mean s â€Å"informal knowledge translating into logical notation† (â€Å"Artificial Intelligence†, n.d., p. 20). Stuart M. Shieber (2006) is of the opinion that, â€Å"the Turing Test is founded on the idea that ability to produce sensible verbal behavior is an indication of intelligence† (p. 1). The ways to improve the test While speaking about the ways the Turing Test can be improved, one is to remember that logic programming, machine learning, and cognitive compatibility are the basic positions the Turing Test is based on. In my opinion, the most important improvement, which can be made, is to adapt the artificial intellect to human beings’ process of thinking. So, in other words, the machine is to contact with the persons and to mimic their behavior. Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari (2000) are sure that, â€Å"With current advances in computer graphics, virtual reality, biomechanics and many other fields, it is possible to create an Enhanced or Virtual Turing test† (para 6.1).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Generally, I suppose that the improvements depend upon the development of new technologies. Unfortunately, â€Å"knowledge-based systems, though they have achieved marketable engineering successes, still have many limitations in the quality and generality of their reasoning† (â€Å"Al: Early History and Applications†, n.d., para. 80). The tasks the Turing Test consists of can be also improved. For instance, taking into account Mundane tasks (perception, natural language, common sense reasoning, and robot control); one can state that there are the constituents of the tasks, which could be improved. Thus, natural language is based on understanding, generation, and translation; so, these constituents may include some new improved features, in order artificial intelligence could be developed in a proper way. Formal tasks (games, mathematics) and expert tasks (engineering, scientific analysis, medical diagnosis, and financial analysis) must be also improved. However, it is necessary to remember that all the improvements depend upon new technologies development. References Al: Early History and Applications. The Turing Test. Web. Artificial Intelligence. CS 4633/6633 Artificial Intelligence. Web. Cowen, T. Dawson, M. (2009). What Does the Turing Test Really Mean? And How  Many Human Beings (Including Turing) Could Pass? Web. Deleuze, G. Guattari, F. (2000). Everything is a Machine. Web.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Turing Test from Computer Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oppy, G. Dowe, D. (2011). The Turing Test. Web. Shieber, S. (2009). Does the Turing Test Demonstrate Intelligence or Not? Web. This research paper on Turing Test from Computer Science was written and submitted by user Maximilian P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Foundation Course Evaluation Essay Example

Foundation Course Evaluation Essay Example Foundation Course Evaluation Essay Foundation Course Evaluation Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: : Foundation Course Evaluation When joining this program most of the students have just but a vague idea of what entails the entire program. What I am proud of regarding my academic performance is that our paths have now been laid out clearly for us. The professors have enables us to understand the practical relevance of this course. This means that the course provides important information for the students well in time to deliberate on whether to continue with this career or to quit. I am now proud that I have chosen an excellent career that will greatly assist me in accomplishing my goals and purpose in life. I believe that this institution is one of the best colleges in Canada and by this merit, has the best program in bettering my education. I also consider the school quite capable in aiding me in its programs due to its method of handing out course outlines and other material thus helping me plan my semester in advance. In this way, the students can do additional research and at times acquaint themselves with some of the topics before they are mentioned in class. This will even give the lecturers an even easier time in explaining the contents in the topics. This I believe will work a lot in improving not only mine, but the academic performance of all the students. In particular, the lecture that mostly sticks into my mind the one on foundation in Community and Child Studies 1-CCSF-101 by professor Sama Bassidj. I enjoy taking the lectures. I guess it is mainly because during the class, we are educated on crucial life’s lessons. The lecturer enables one to achieve self-realization by being aware what one’s strengths, values, weaknesses and talents. By becoming aware of this, the students can now know what to change in their life and what to concentrate on in order to literary make the best of their lives. This is primarily why we refer to the class as the, â€Å"life class†. In the end, the lecture develops confidence in the students both psychologically and philosophically. One of the most difficult subjects is psychology taught by Professor Sherry-Ann Mohammed-Gibbes. However, it neither because the subject is not well nor is it that the institution is under equipped. The reason that I find this subject difficult and frustrating is that I do not have any prior knowledge or experience on the subject since I have never learnt it before. However, the lecturer has been doing an impressive job in carefully going though the contents and the concepts. I now consider myself confident on psychology and can perform exemplary well on the subject. If my friends in the program were to speak in one hundred percent honesty, I believe that they would advice that if one is not interest in fieldwork and especially working with kids, this is then not the program for that individual. This is because most of them now understand that in order to succeed in the career, passion plays a very significant role and could end up determining whether one will graduate with distinction or an average score. Another advice is that lectures are not to be relied upon since the lecturers tends to provide only a skeleton of what the student is supposed to learn. This means that one needs additional material and constantly visiting the library to fill the skeleton provided by the lecturers with the necessary meat. This is a requisite of any institution that is worth its salt. Spoon-feeding the student with information will only impart them with theoretical knowledge leaving out the necessary practical knowledge. What I would advice my friends is that the program is very essential as it provides the student with the relevant skills and knowledge to successfully pursue a diploma of choice in the community and child services department in the crown college. The program also goes to the limits of imparting the learner with relevant skills and knowledge that if unsuccessful to pursue the diploma at the Crown College, one may still be able to find a job as a social worker and still work competently. The professors have greatly supported my journey in the foundation program through various capacities. One is that as an international student, my English is not very good. However, the English lecturer, Wendy Chan, has assisted me efficiently and effectively in improving my diction and pronunciations in the English language. Her exemplary skills have further facilitated my learning in all the other subjects and I can now manage to express myself freely and comprehensively in the examination papers. In addition, the class on foundation in Community and Child Studies has further enabled me for identify my values and character and the same can be translated to the society at large. This is very important as one is able to understand his weaknesses and strengths in order to competitively be aware of what one can comfortable excel at. The video tools provided by Professor Cindy Brandon have also facilitated a lot in making learning of Student Success and Interpersonal Skills a great experience. Although the subject is considered as one of the competitive ones, the video tools highly facilitate learning and make them a great experience. The additional supports that could be provided by the professors include the use of video tools like the one of Professor Cindy Brandon. The incorporation of these tools in all the other subjects would help a lot in enabling the students to understand the concepts. There are those students who capture images easily as opposed to words. The use of the video tools would mean that these students are not left at a loss.

Are New and Old EU Members Becoming More Financially Integrated A Essay

Are New and Old EU Members Becoming More Financially Integrated A Threshold Cointegration Analysis - Essay Example 1999; Fratzschner, 2001etc).This approach mainly uses the uncovered interest parity2 condition. The main limitation with this approach is that if data on financial instruments with similar characteristics are not available, then the interpretation of results based on the price or approach can be problematic. It is very difficult to get financial instruments of exactly similar characteristics in reality. Further, there is an argument that interest rate convergence need not necessarily occur in financially integrated markets. This is because of the possibility of similar response of the markets to common factors even under non-convergence of interest rates also (Poghoshyan and Hann, 2007). The second approach is based on the cross border flows of capital. This approach estimates quantitatively the various legal and other barriers, which may affect financial integration through different angles of the decision process regarding investment (Bekaert and Harvey,1995;Adam etal, 2002; Baele etal, 2004 etc). However, cross border capital flows need not always be indicators of financial integration only. It can be due to many other policies like monetary, fiscal, exchange rate policies and other circumstances (Eichengreen, 2003).In addition to this, according to European Commission (1997), the harmonization and coordination of various legal procedures for capital markets have become less important for their integration after the introduction of Euro. However, this is not the case for other financial markets according to the Commission. The third approach is based on the news-based indicators (Baele etal, 2004; Capiello etal, 2006). According to this, under integrated financial markets, the prices of financial instruments will be affected more by the global news than the local news. This is because there will be well diversification of portfolios in the financially

Analyse and discuss concepts of European identity Essay

Analyse and discuss concepts of European identity - Essay Example Considering as a dependent variable, identity is repeatedly used to study the creation of racial or territorial identities. It is argued that Central Europeans formed a separate identity that was mainly defined in opposition to Russia and likeness to Western Europe. As an independent variable the study of identity uses to explain some facts of greater concern, for instance the nature of political rivalry. After the World War II those who wished of a united Europe were searching ways to uphold a strong sense of European identity. Even though, thoughts on a European identity conceptualized ten years earlier to the World War II the political, social, and economic disorders linked with World War II, basically changed the European order. Hence it became necessary to assume of Europe in different ways. The formation of the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Economic Community (EEC), were the outcome of those views (Williams, 1987). As the hurdles to trade within the EEC began to drop in 1960s, that resulted in the start of discussion of a sprouting United States of Europe. This was not only just a formal economic entity but it was presumed as a possible hub of identity for its inhabitants. The discussion over the nature and significance of European identity goes deep into many of the critical matters facing Europe today (Deflem and Pampel,1996; Delanty, 1995; Hodgson, 1993). Making the debate difficult are the suppositions that are made about the very nature of identity itself. These assumptions are the creation of political-territorial growth over the past centuries that have cast the state in the role of architect and symbol of international society (Murphy, 1996; Taylor, 1994). Hence, the concepts of nation and state became conflated and national identities to be considered as if they were the major matter of investigation in learning’s of

Use of water from underground Essay Example for Free

Use of water from underground Essay Water from underground sources has been exploited for many years to be used in homes, for livestock as well as irrigation. As Howsam (2007) clearly explains, though, the exact way of how water occur underground may not be well understood by the people using the water, successful abstraction methods has been used to abstract water from various sources and under varying conditions. However, there is need to treat and assess the quality of the ground water before using the water. Generally, the method of treatment will highly depend on the source and the properties of abstracted water. Consequently, for water abstracted from upland reservoir in an area of a sheep farming area which is known to be soft and to have unacceptable taste and colour with a pH of 5. 5, its treatment strategies will differ from that from a network of pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from a chalk aquifer. This paper thus aims at comparing and contrasting the various treatment strategies that could be used. Quality tests recommended Turbidity measure: Turbidity of water involves measuring the amount of light that could pass through water; this will indicate how â€Å"cloudy† that sample of water is. Turbidity results from particles that are suspended in water being assessed and it is a crucial control measure of how water disinfection has performed. Water turbidity measurement occurs at two varied points; at the treatment plant and at the consumer taps. Chemical quality water assessment The regulations set by the water Quality of 2000 outlines all the minimum tests that are needed for each chemical as well as physical parameter. The parameters that are measured include but are not limited to: colour, odour, taste, ammonium level, aluminium level, iron, manganese, sodium among other chemical properties. An critical aspect in quality assurance of water when using chemical in water treatment is make sure that the used chemicals are those that are specified and does not harm consumers or change the properties of water. Treating water form upland reservoir Tastes and odours In water from the ground like from sheep reservoir, the taste and the odors come from the hydrogen sulphide and other organic substances together with dissolved minerals such as manganese, iron, zinc and copper. Even though these substances are usually not dangerous in amounts normally found in the many of the groundwater, the presence of these substances could result in consumers refusing such water. Thus, such water has to be treated. Adjustment of PH Adjusting the pH is very important in water treatment especially that those meant for drinking. The removal of coagulation, corrosion and controlling softening all are aspects that assist in adjustment of pH. Stabilizers Waters from the reservoir that is considered to be soft could be hardened slightly through use of cation resin exchange. To improve the level of â€Å"softness† in the water, calcium magnesium is added to the water to give the water the right texture Adsorption This is a treatment strategy that involves physical process that happens when liquids are suspended or dissolved in a matter so that the particles in that water could be adsorbed in an adsorbent medium. In most cases carbon filters are used as adsorbent medium Pumped wells delivering anaerobic groundwater from a chalk aquifer Ultraviolet treatment This water treatment method uses ultraviolet light in order to disinfect water. That is to decrease the amount of bacterial that is found in the water. Removal of algae The bad taste could be due to toxic or because of odorous algal blooms that could be present in the reservoirs. In many cases, copper sulphate. However, before using chemical treatment, the possible impacts on water reservoir biota (Faust and Aly, 1998). The build-up of chemicals used in water treatment such as copper could have a negative impact on the downstream treatment. More so, the quality of water treated has to taken into consideration. Coagulation and flocculation The main application of coagulant as well as flocculant chemicals is removing the suspended and also the colloidal solids like clays. In particular, coagulate are significant in treating surface waters. The elimination of the solids is attained through aggregating small suspended substances into big flocs. The coagulant as well as the flocculant chemicals at the same time is able to eliminate various organic substances, color and other micro-organisms like bacteria, algae and viruses. The amount and strength of the formed floc is able to be controlled and managed according to the treatment method used. Sedimentation or filtration could be used to remove the floc. Disinfection Generally, disinfection of water is used alone or as the last step in treatment of water subsequent to either clarification or filtration. In many cases, disinfection is mainly applied to prevent bacterial, viruses or any other protozoa that could get into the distribution system. Generally, chemicals that are used to disinfect drinking water are strong oxidants like chlorine, ozone as well as hydrogen peroxide. However, the effectiveness of disinfection mostly depends on the sources of water that is being treated. In addition, the effectiveness of disinfection also could be affected by the turbidity of the water, pH and the organic substances. The objective of water treatment processes applied before disinfection ought to result in water that has the lowest level of turbidity and organic substances. Too much particulate substances in water could result in protection of micro-organisms against the disinfection chemicals. Conclusion However, as Howsam (2007) states, all chemicals that are used in water treatment whether in chalk or reservoir, ought to be assessed for possible contaminants and restrictions ought to be known. Generally the main aspect of carrying out water treatment is to ensure that the quality of the water is right and does not adversely impact the consumers. Water treatment chemicals are mainly used in treating water to essentially reduce or remove the cases of waterborne disease, public heath issues, and also to improve the taste and quality of that water. However, as American Water Works Association (1997) notes any chemical that is used in treatment of water has to be effective, to produce the desired wishes, should not present any public health worry and ought not to result in any chemical or contaminants that exceed drinking water stipulated values. Reference: AWWA (American Water Works Association) (1997): and ASCE (American Association of Civil Engineers): Water Treatment Plant Design, 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, USA Faust, S and Aly O (1998): Chemistry of Water Treatment, 2nd edition. Ann Arbor Press, Michigan Howsam, P (2007): Bio fouling in Wells and Aquifers: Water and Environment Journal Volume 2 Issue 2, Pages 209 215 (Available online). Letterman R (2002) 🙠 Ed). Water Quality and Treatment: A Handbook of Community Water Supplies, American Water Works Association, 5th edition. McGraw-Hill Professional, New York

Religious Revelation in Carver’s Cathedral Essay -- Carver Cathedral E

  Ã‚   At first glance, one might assume Raymond Carver’s "Cathedral" illustrates the awakening of an insensitive and insulated husband to the world of a blind man. However, this literal awakening does not account for the fact that the husband awakens also to a world of religious insight, of which he has also been blind. The title and story structure are the first indicators of the importance of the religious thesis. It is also revealed when one examines the language and actions of the characters in the story. Finally, Carver’s previous and subsequent writings give an overall background for the argument that "Cathedral" has a significant religious import. The structural and technical features of the story point towards a religious epiphany. The title of the story, as well as its eventual subject, that of cathedrals, points inevitably towards divinity. Upon first approaching the story, without reading the first word of the first paragraph, one is already forced into thinking about a religious image. In addition, four of the story’s eleven pages (that amounts to one third of the tale) surround the subject of cathedrals. Adding to the obvious structural references to cathedrals and religion, the language and character actions present further evidence of an epiphany of divine proportions. The television program which the characters watch together deals entirely with cathedrals. This spurs the first real conversation between the narrator and the blind man. This presents religion as some form of common ground, on which one could stand, even without sight. When first asked by Robert, the blind man, if he was "in any way religious," the narrator asserts that he is not, and goes on to explain how cathedrals and religion "don’t mean any... ... the eyes of a blind man, but also to appreciate the world through the eyes of a man of God. Works Cited/Consulted Bethea, Arthur F. "Carver’s ‘Wes Hardin: From a Photograph’ and ‘A Small Good Thing.’" The Explicator. Spring 1999. 176-178. Bethea, Arthur F. "Carver’s ‘Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?’" The Explicator. Spring 1998: 132-134. Carver, Raymond. "Cathedral." The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: HarperCollins, 1991. 1052-1062. Nesset, Kirk. "Insularity and Self-Enlargement in Raymond Carver’s ‘Cathedral.’" Essays in Literature. March 22, 1994: 116. Stull Williams. "Beyond Hopelessville: Another Side of Raymond Carver." Philological Quarterly. 1985: 1-15. Verley, Claudine. "Narration and Interiority in Raymond Carver’s ‘Where I’m Calling From.’" Journal of the Short Story in English 13. 1989: 91-102.   

Real State in Uae

College of Business Administration(COBA) Master of Business Administration(MBA) Report on Real Estate Business in United Arab Emirates Prepared by: MBA Students 19th December, 2011 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1 INTRODUCTION2 HISTORY OF UAE REAL ESTATE BUSINESS3 NATURE OF REAL ESTATE MARKET4 SUPPLY AND DEMAND MODEL5 ELASTICITY OF UAE REAL ESTATE MARKET7 REAL ESTATE BUSINESS – IMPACT ON UAE ECONOMY8 UAE REAL ESTATE BUSINESS – CLASSIFICATIONS9 Residential real estate market9 Office market10 Retail market11 Hotel market12 UAE REAL ESTATE LAWS12 CHALLENGES IN UAE REAL ESTATE SECTOR13SWOT ANALYSIS OF UAE REAL ESTATE SECTOR14 FUTURE GROWTH – INFERENCES AND CRITICAL CATALYSTS14 CONCLUSION17 REFERENCES18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY United Arab Emirates is considered as the most active property market among GCC countries. Real estate and business service sector contribute a considerable share for the growth of the nation. The economic boom during the years 2003 – 2007 increases the demand for real estate properties and there were shortage in residential and commercial segments. Emirates like Dubai have found an important place in world tourism map, the conditions in UAE also attracts foreign investors and job seekers.So, the available real estate space for residential and commercial purposes was not enough to fulfill the present requirement. Real estate markets in emirates like Ajman, Fujairah, and Ras Al Khaimah are not exploited well; they provide new avenues for investors. Completion of some major projects in Dubai and Abu Dhabi in coming years expected to be able meet the requirements. In some real estate sectors like hotel market, experts predicts oversupply situation in future. Global financial crisis in the years 2008 -2009 badly influenced the real estate sector also.Due to uncertainty in markets, many expatriates return to home country and new investors in fear to make large investments. Expected huge supply along with reduce in demand d uring crisis time, value of real estate properties went down especially in Dubai. UAE government projects like ‘Abu Dhabi vision 2030’ provides enough importance for supplying residential properties. UAE economy is now recovering from recession and new opportunities in different sectors will enhance the growth of real estate sector in coming years.So, this analysis is meaningful to measure the current situation in UAE real estate market and to forecast to the future. ? INTRODUCTION ‘Real Estate’ is a broad term which represents a piece of land including the air above ground below and any building or structure on it. This can also include the business and residential properties which can be sold by the individual who own the property or a relater. Real estate refers to residential new homes and existing ones, commercial shopping centers and offices, industrial manufacturing buildings and properties, undeveloped lands and farms etc.Real estate investments are largely influenced by the condition of the immediate area where the property is located. The values affected by local factors such as availability of jobs, crime rates, taxes, presence of educational institutions and so on. In different countries, the broad nature of the term ‘real estate’ may vary but key ideas behind is almost same. Generally speaking, real estate is the property consisting of land and the buildings on it along with its natural resources. Real estate business represents the profession of buying, selling, renting or leasing of lands, buildings, houses etc.This business area includes the activities for providing goods and services involving financial, commercial and industrial aspects. Major players in this business are land owners, developers, builders, real estate agents, tenants, buyers and so on. This is an important business area where huge amount of money is involved and so, in depth knowledge is helpful. Real estate business is attractive becaus e there is chance to earn more money within the short span of period. In the last decade, real estate business in UAE has a tremendous level of growth due to various favorable situations.The basic driven forces for such a growth are economic growth of the country, increase in income, capital inflow from foreign investors, increase in population of expatriates and liberal laws. Economic development in the UAE has largely influenced by real estate sector and its impact on GDP growth rate is very crucial. Increase in tourism and development of other business sectors stretch the confidence of investors, especially from outside the country in real estate business. Employment opportunities are high in different emirates and there by expatriate population increases, this provides good opportunities in residential real estate sector.Many multinational companies found UAE is an important business location and begin their investments also enables the rapid growth in real estate sector. UAE pr operty market is still growing after the decline faced at time global economic crisis and recession. UAE open their opportunities to foreign investors in terms of culture and social integration and considered as one the most secure country in terms of political and economic environment. UAE is now creating a real estate and property boom that will delight dream of many people and creates regions within the nation that are representative of the world.So the turn over from real estate business is high especially in emirate like Dubai. HISTORY OF UAE REAL ESTATE BUSINESS Till the early 70s, when it constitutes a single nation by combining seven emirates, UAE is one of the least developed countries in the world. Today UAE has achieved growth rate and income level comparable to that of industrialized nations. As we know, the revenue from oil was the main source for the development in the early stages of the country. The infrastructure for many other business sectors were developed using the revenue from crude oil.In 1980s, UAE followed a resource based industry as a development strategy for over all development of country using natural resources. At this time, real estate properties are under the ownership of government and citizens have limited accessibility on such properties. Restricted transactions are there which happed between local people. When industries established here, real estate market also got a hike. Industrialization and impact of crude oil on global economy enabled UAE to be an investor’s destination for business. Gradually, the number of expatriates increases, most of them came here as employees.This trend enhances the development of residential and commercial real estate market. In late 90s, government authorities realize the uneven growth of real estate business and its opportunities. In this time, many of the multinational companies set their franchisees or braches in different emirates. The employment opportunities of the country expand thereafter and so real estate market got the boom. Authorities formulated new sophisticated real estate laws in the country to encourage foreign investments in large projects.The government’s decision to diversify from a trade based economy to service and tourism oriented made real estate sector is more valuable. Establishment of free zones enables to encourage investors by providing maximum freedom to establish industries. Special laws are formulated for free zones to keep the interests of investors. These free zones also contribute a lot to the gradual growth of real estate sector. Free holding of properties revolutionize the real estate market, which encourage foreign investments.Free hold allowing foreigners to buy properties, before that, only UAE nationals can hold property with restricted permissions. This policy adopted by Dubai in 2002 and implemented from 2003, help them to explore high turnover from real estate market. UAE real estate business grew gradually by ex ploiting different favorable conditions here; retain its growth till 2008. Global economic crisis from 2007 have some sort of impact on real estate business in UAE also, influence more on Emirate of Dubai. Dubai faced another recession in 1999, but it didn’t affect relatively small real estate sector at that time when comparing to late 2000s.Property value came to extreme down level due to less demand. During the period of recession, property prices down and investors are afraid to spend money in the sector. UAE slowly recover economic crisis and the demand for properties is still high. So economists predict further growth in coming years in real estate business. (UAE real estate, Reaching New Heights- KFH research) NATURE OF REAL ESTATE MARKET UAE real estate property market suffered a crash during the time of global economic crisis and now the business is gaining back the momentum.Since the transactions involved with considerably large amount and due to the expanding nature of business, we have consider the distinct characteristics and factors influencing the real estate business. Real estate assets and markets are unique when comparing to other market goods. This tends to be highly localized and segmented with privately negotiated transactions. Main characteristics are: Uniqueness: each real estate property can assume to be more or less unique, makes it difficult to compare with other properties.Durability: New structures usually have long life and so yield benefits over a long period of time. Large transaction size: Most of the real estate transactions create in a large financial requirement. So the cost and availability of financing has more influence on real estate market. Long development/ production period: from conception to completion, real estate projects often take years to complete. That means that supply of real estate properties typically slow to adjust to the increase in demand from real estate market.So real estate market is far away fr om ideal competitive market. Real estate business is influenced by many different factors which affect the real value of property also. The dynamic integration among different factors creates the business trends in the real estate market. Physical or environmental factors are noticeable to observe. Such factors include soil, climate, water, topography, scenic beauty, infrastructure and desirable destinations like schools, commercial areas, employment centers etc. Economic factors will strongly influence growth of the city or decline and here by property values, both demand and supply factors affect in this context. Demand factors include trends in employment and income, the availability of financing and so on. Economic factors that affect supply are availability of vacant and improved properties, rental and price patterns of existing properties, construction cost etc. All real estate property values are largely influenced by government policies and actions. Developing free zones, im plementing different kinds of regulations, construction of physical infrastructure etc are responsibilities of government as part of their policies.In UAE federal monitory policy and emirate fiscal policies also influence real estate markets. SUPPLY AND DEMAND MODEL Real estate economics is attempt to apply economic techniques to real estate markets, which tries to describe predict patterns of prices, supply and demand. Supply and demand model represents the relationship between quantity of a commodity that producers have available for sale and the quantity that consumers are willing and able to buy. The function of market is to equalize demand and supply through price mechanism where it keeps an equilibrium price to balance demand and supply.Diagrammatic representation of supply and demand model commonly mentioned as demand curve and supply curve, these curves plotted against the variables price and quantity. In highly competitive economy, the combination of upward slopping supply curve downward slopping demand curve represents the supply and demand schedule the intersecting point represents the equilibrium price for the item. Source: http://kkrugler. files. wordpress. com/2008/02/supply-demand-curve. png The huge uncertainty because of recession during 2010 in real estate market causes down fall of property values.Real demand level of real estate properties depends on population growth, both in residents and expatriates estimated around 15,000 new unit requirements per annum in Dubai itself. Then there is a situation arises where supply exceeds demand due to overbuilding and market uncertainty. Most of the projects in residential sector focus on luxury villas and apartments, but the requirement is only 30% of the total. So, there is still an undersupply for low and medium cost residential properties. Many projects are delaying due to uncertainty in demand and so, expecting the demand gap will increase in future.According to the renowned rating agency Moodyâ €™s, the oversupply in luxury residential sector and in commercial sector will continues till 2016 and there will be a delay in price recovery in real estate sector. Some researchers expect recovery to 2008 price level around 2020. The situation in Abu Dhabi also worsens, nearly 11,000 residential units are expected to come in market soon, this may cause a fall of 14% in rents when comparing to last year. In 2010, Abu Dhabi invested a huge amount of nearly 140 billion of USD in real estate and infrastructure development.During the peak time of real estate business during 2007 -2008, they were simply watching the projects of other emirates, especially Dubai and Ras Al Khaimah. This make made a lack of supply till last quarter of 2010 which provides a better rental when comparing Dubai. They got enough time for better planning by applying lessons learnt from Dubai’s experience. In Abu Dhabi, supply shortage is clearer in till 2011, huge supply increase in property units do not match with cumulative demand, expects till 2013. But in Luxury real estate sector and hotel sector there is issue of oversupply.One and two bedroom apartments still enjoy the highest demand. In general, there are not much serious issues regarding supply side of UAE real estate sector. Supply largely related to population growth, price obtainable for the property and its relative value of properties in real estate market. Changes in population commonly related to employment opportunities, increase or decrease in population will influence the real estate values. UAE expects drastic increase in employment and tourism sector in coming years and also encourage future investments in different sectors. Demand largely related consumer’s current financial strength and taste.Demand also relates to population, which is crucial in terms of its size along with its age distribution, educational status, size of household etc. Oversupply in certain sectors will cause a reduction in prope rty value in coming years, but low and medium cost residential sector still stay as undersupplied. ELASTICITY OF UAE REAL ESTATE MARKET The responsiveness of supply and demand to change price as per market trends is referred as elasticity. In other words, this ratio represents percentage change in quantity demand in response to percentage change in price. The demand for a property is said to be inelastic when this value is less than ne. If this value greater than one, changes in price have a relatively large impact on quantity of demand. Revenue is maximized when elasticity value is exactly one. There are different factors which influence elasticity of properties like, availability of substitutes, percentage of customer income, necessity of property, duration etc. Every investor in UAE is looking for maximum profit from property market, elasticity provided by the property owners make UAE is the best place for the property business. In real estate sector, occupancy rate is 90% and st ill they are in shortage of supply.Before the economic recession, rent is too high to reach for middle class investors. In cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi, still there are unoccupied residential and commercial real estate properties and so price elasticity will make conditions different. High occupancy rate is normally an indication of price elasticity. When supply meets almost all the demand from real estate market, elasticity will play an important role in determining property transactions and its values. Change of price will increase the demand, many families occupying in sharing villas may ready to take better occupation areas if the price become affordable.Availability of residential or commercial areas with fewer prices automatically makes the markets more elastic towards the price. REAL ESTATE BUSINESS – IMPACT ON UAE ECONOMY The economic studies conducted by various agencies showed the economic recovery in the country by gaining strength with the support of favorable global environment, but political uncertainty in some GCC countries really slowdown growth of real estate sector. UAE economy has recorded an overall study level of growth over last few years and the GDP has more than doubled from 387. 8 billion in 2004 to 934. 3 billion in 2008.Early stages of UAE economy is powered by revenue from oil, but in the recent years, the main driving force of economic growth is from non-oil sector, accounting for an average of 65% of GDP from 2004 to 2008. Real estate is among the important non-oil business sector in UAE which contribute an average of 8% towards the GDP. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the emirates that contribute major share of GDP, Dubai is playing great role in the growth of non oil sectors, especially real estate market. The impact of real estate sector in UAE economy is high when considering to the last decade, the cities Abu Dhabi nd Dubai became business hubs in Middle East. Real estate sector is remain under pressure in the current econo my, contraction is expected as a further drop in property prices as new supply enters to the market along with lower demand and there by widening the supply – demand gap. This will increase in coming years with the completion of ongoing projects; will continue to weigh down the property prices and growth prospects. Abu Dhabi’s current strategy for boosting the housing supply also put additional pressure on real estate market.Anyway massive investment from government for infrastructure development projects will cause demand for construction and contracting services. Along with this boosting in employment opportunities will expected to provide a base for real estate economy to grow in future. The following table represents evolution of UAE Gross Domestic Product from year 2002 to 2009. Source: UAE National Bureau of statistics UAE REAL ESTATE BUSINESS – CLASSIFICATIONS For providing statistics more deeply, real estate market further divided in to Commercial and Re sidential sectors.Commercial real estate sector refers the property which specifically set aside for commercial purposes like industrial use, professional offices, farming etc. commercial property has to comply with certain standards and should be used solely for business purposes only. Residential real estate involves the sale and rental of land and houses to individuals or families for daily living. Both types involve transactions of huge amount and so many regulations are introduced for commercial and residential segments. Commercial real estate market further divided in to office market, retail market, hotel market etc. or providing analysis in further detailed. Residential real estate market Due to current world wide economic conditions and its manifestation, Dubai bought high uncertainty to the residential real estate market which drives down the prices. Residential market of Abu Dhabi and some other emirates are experiencing a shortage of supply, with insufficient homes or vi llas to meet requirement of current population. So sharing of villas and apartments is common here. In Abu Dhabi itself there is a shortage of 48,400 housing nits, the upcoming projects will be able to meet only around the half. The under supply for end users is particularly for lower and mid market brackets. The majority of upcoming projects also targets high class investors. Residential sales prices in UAE reached its peak in 2008, at this time rent also very high. Residential rents and selling price continue to decline due to a number of factors. More new supply will be available and as rents decline, many tenants are expected to be trade up from shared accommodations into single accommodation and thereby it keeps increase in demand.Rapid economic growth and employment opportunities results an unprecedented population boom, multi occupancy and sharing will of villas etc makes it possible to meet the requirement. House prices were fallen in last quarter of 2008 and now it slowly r etains an optimum pace. Economic growth, government support and mortgage lenders returning to the market etc are current driving forces of financial strength. The following graph represents the house price changes in UAE for the last three years. In the last quarter of 2010, residential price index rose slightly to 0. %, the total number of property transactions increased around 5%. Office market Currently there is a limited supply of office space in UAE, especially for multinational service sectors which require international standards. Still there is shortage of professionally managed office space, so office markets are operating in maximum occupancy rate and rents are relatively high when comparing to other developing countries. When begin a office, organizations will consider many concerns like road and transport facility, resource availability, infrastructure accessibility etc, so rents in areas within the city is very high.Medium range organization mostly prefer near areas of city to get the advantage of relatively less rent. More office space will be available when completing the ongoing projects which will help to stimulate market absorption rate in light of quality, tenants got opportunity to occupy higher quality office space at a lower cost. As a result poorer quality spaces forced to reduce their price. Large investment from government to set state owned enterprises and banks, currently most of such organization own the space rather than active in rental market.To widen the services of government agencies and enterprises new high quality office spaces should be created in various parts of the country. Foreign investment and multinational company involvement in different sectors like oil and gas, financial services, professional services etc largely influence the current trends in office market. According to the Global Office Market View from CB Richard Ellis (CBRE), UAE is an increasingly affordable and attractive destination for company offices, w ith growing stability within the emirates.The quality and standard of completed buildings and its affordable rent rate here become much more attractive. Retail market Retail market in real estate represents floor space available for participating in trades direct to customers. Retail market also faces shortage of international quality projects and so availability of floor space for retailers relative to demand is less. Increased spending of both UAE citizen expatriates and the existing below average per capita income provides a good atmosphere for retail market.The total retail supply in Abu Dhabi is approximately 1. 4 million square meter of GLA and it is important to note that most of this space is in non mall format, i. e. street shops. There is significant shortage of available retail space including high end street retail at present and the existing shopping malls are currently having high occupancy rate of nearly 95%. The demand for retail market is expected to increase in com ing years also, the emergence of more world class tourism points in UAE also support growth of retail sector.New retailers are offering new retail sales format and experience which will cause an increase in spending of money in retail market. In the growing economy of UAE, average rental rates almost unchanged in the main retail malls of Abu Dhabi emirates but continue to decline in Dubai. Hotel market Dubai is one of favorite tourist destination for people from Europe and other Asian countries. Abu Dhabi, Fujairah ad other emirates are also emerging as valuable tourism destinations in the country. Luxurious hospitality and high grade hotels are inevitable to retain in world tourism map.Supply of new hotel facilities are less in last few years after the recession, but it is almost meet the requirement from tourism sector. Occupancy rate has fallen and still continued to out perform when comparing to other market areas. Some tourism promotion events like Dubai Shopping Festival, Abu Dhabi F1 Grand Prix, Dubai Air Show, Abu Dhabi shopping festival etc cause some seasonal demand for hotel facilities. The continued expansion of national airline Etihad and Emirates has enabled growth of hotel markets in UAE.Almost half of the total quality hotel supply is managed by international management companies like Hilton, Starwood etc. Development of hospitality sector along with strengthening of corporate market and development of leisure segment is the main objective of UAE authority and so the upcoming projects will supply the requirements, to continue to increase hotel supply in next few years. Abu Dhabi is one of the strongest performing hotel markets in the last few years as the number of hotel visitors to the city has doubled in from 200 to 2009.In future, hotel market expects tremendous growth along with tourism sector. (Abu Dhabi real estate market forecasts, p19-35) UAE REAL ESTATE LAWS Foreign investors in UAE real estate market face several legal challenges both as to the nature of legal entity to use the properties as well as their ability to acquire free hold interests in real estate. UAE is the federation of seven emirates established in 1971; formulation of UAE federal law provides legal framework for the emirates.Federal government is entrusted with the task of formulating laws concerning and regulating principal and central aspects of federation including defense, security, public health, currency etc. federal laws are formulated for regulating labor and social services, real estate and its expropriation in the public interest, agriculture and animal wealth and so on. As per the constitutional principle adopted by UAE nation, local governments in different emirates are authorized to regulate common matters that are not confined to the federal government.Each of the seven emirates regulates their own affaires by exploring this provision. So, in real estate sector there is no federal property law for governing foreign ownership of real estate in UAE. Each emirates has their own regulations, Dubai is the only emirate currently allow freehold of real estate properties. Federal Law No. 5 of 1985 was issued Civil Transactions Law and Federal Law No. 11 of 1992 was issued Civil Procedures Law are the important real estate laws in UAE. Apart from this all the emirates issues their own amendments to protect investors, buyers etc. he civil transaction law later amended by Federal Law No. 1 of 1987 which exclude commercial transactions from being governed by and under the civil transaction law. Different articles of civil transaction law like Article 870, 871, 881 etc ensure the security and reliability of different real estate transactions among persons and banks. As per Civil Procedure code, agreements must be evidenced in writing and must be clearly defined. Different emirates made their own amendments for better regulation by using their provision for freely constitute laws.Law No. 7 of 2006 concerning real property r egistration in the emirate of Dubai is an example of such amendment. Law No. 7 of 1997 concerns the charges for registration of lands, local decree of 1960 concerns the formation of lands committee. Year 2006 amendment define real estate register and different types of rights to hold real estate properties based on clearly defined agreements. As per Article 4, real estate property shall be restricted to UAE and GCC nationals, subject Ruler’s approval and in specific areas, non nationals grand for freehold ownership.Some other important amendments in Dubai include Law No. 9 of 2009, Law No. 13 of 2008 etc. In 2010, a number of significant changes implemented in UAE real estate laws, to encourage investments and to face challenges from global economic crisis. Landlord and tenant law provide to ensure tenants automatic right for renewal and security of tenure which has existed for the first five years of occupation for both commercial and residential clients. The 5% annual rent increase cap has also been retained in Abu Dhabi to provide middle income affordable housing.Special consideration and laws were implemented in new investment areas like free zones to protect investor’s rights. Abu Dhabi also formulates framework and general laws for property rights within Abu Dhabi emirates to register property legally. CHALLENGES IN UAE REAL ESTATE SECTOR Rising cost of cement and raw materials is a real challenge in real estate sector. Production of cement in UAE is not enough for satisfy the demand; cement comes from outside the country also. The stabilized market and a looming price control intervention by authorities imply that price may not be high always.Real estate and construction industries are facing shortage of skilled labors for construction site. Due to low wages and heavy duty, many foreign labors leave from here, manpower requirement is high when considering the demand. Delays and cancellations of projects in UAE is a major supply side issue in UAE. Due to global economic crisis, many projects are cancelled due to investor’s feeling of insecurity in real estate business. Actually real estate markets are driven by supply, demand and finance. Mortgage rate is relatively high in UAE when comparing to international standards, especially in Dubai.In many cases, this is beyond affordability. UAE authorities are continuously monitoring to taking deals with these supply issues. (UAE real estate, Reaching New Heights- KFH research P13-14) SWOT ANALYSIS OF UAE REAL ESTATE SECTOR Source: KFH research FUTURE GROWTH – INFERENCES AND CRITICAL CATALYSTS In general, UAE is undersupplied in relation to the demand for residential, office and retail properties, hotel market almost balance the requirement. Due to high occupancy rate in cities like Abu Dhabi, rental and sales price still higher than the regional market.This has a negative impact on economy; there is significant loss of potential employment, spending and invest ment. The real estate industry has respond to ongoing shortage of quality products, new projects will solve the shortage in coming years. Years fro 2003 to 2008 is the peak of business, economic crisis caused a down turn in 2009 due to economic crisis. Due to this, major projects are cancelled or delayed, now the country retains its financial strength, significant level of new supply expected to enter in market within two years.Retail and hotel market expected to move into surplus situation within two years. The remarkable growth of UAE real estate sector is enhanced by a number of activities and improvements in basic infrastructure. Many factors will be catalytic force for commercial and residential real estate markets in future. Some of them are Growing employment and population base: Due to the success of initiative from UAE authorities to increase Emirati population and to attract expatriates, UAE is now having relatively good labor pool and employment opportunities.Increase in population contributes to the development of economy and promote continuous growth of real estate demand. Promoting company start-up and growth: UAE government is taking new steps to develop new industries and work culture by introducing free zones and basic infrastructures. Achieving the rapid economic growth also requires substantial developments in to the regulatory framework. Regulatory reform: Emirates like Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ras- Al-Khaimah etc. still needs to establish a business and legal environment comparable to other developed countries.Transparent regulatory mechanism only can attract investors, especially in real estate sector where a huge amount of investment is required. Transparency: In this era of globalization, markets to be more open, transparency of different markets has emerged as a big concern for investors, occupiers and other real estate stakeholders. Marketing benefits from improved transparency tends to be those in which conducting business is easier. UAE need to improve transparency and openness further to keep inline with leading international markets.Land Registry: Land and property registry system is one of the key element that define transparent real estate market, improving operation of the system by providing public accessibility, improvements will stimulate the additional demand for real estate in the country. (Abu Dhabi real estate market forecasts, p36-37) ? CONCLUSION Real estate refers to residential new homes and existing ones, commercial shopping centers and offices, industrial manufacturing buildings and properties, undeveloped lands and farms etc. Real estate investments are largely influenced by the condition of the immediate area where the property is located.In UAE real estate sector was not much developed as a big business sector till early 90s. Revenue from oil was the main source of economic growth in early stage of the country; authority’s dedication enabled them to establish an industry based economy he re which helped a lot to develop a real estate market in UAE. Multinational companies found UAE as one of the important business location; they began their franchisees which improve opportunities in residential and commercial real estate market. Real estate market is distinct from other competitive markets, due to the differentiable characteristics and influencing factors.Current supply and demand for real estate properties largely influence the rental and selling price. Residential, office and retail real estate properties still face shortage especially in cities, hotel market currently balance the demand and supply. Elasticity measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded of property goods against change in its price. This is influenced by customer’s income, availability of alternatives, necessity for the property and so on. Real estate business sector has a remarkable contribution towards UAE economy, nearly 8% of the GDP of the nation is from real estate sector.Because of the global economic crisis, real estate sector also under pressure when it badly affect on business and employment opportunities. Many huge projects were cancelled or delayed due to insecurity feel from investors at the time of recession. But UAE has almost recovered from the impact and now real estate market also expects booming in coming years. Factors like growing employment and population base, promoting company start-up and growth, regulatory reform, transparency etc will act as catalysts for future growth of real estate sector. ? REFERENCES Dr. Eisa Abdelgalil, Badar Aldeen Bakheet, Dubai Real Estate Sector – Monitor Series (2007) [online] www. arabruleoflaw. org/compendium/Files/UAE/92. pdf [accessed on 22/11/2011] †¢UAE Economic Brief and Outlook 2011 , KAMCO Research (April 2011) http://www. menafn. com/updates/research_center/UAE/Economic/kamco130411. pdf [accessed on 22/11/2011] †¢Dubai Property Market Overview (Feb 2009), [online] www. cluttons. com [accessed on 23/11/2011] †¢Jones Lang, LaSalle, UAE Retail Market Overview (November 2010) [online] http://www. dsg. ae/LinkClick. aspx? ileticket=KIYUb_RYXlA%3D&tabid=222 [accessed on 23/11/2011] †¢UAE Real Estate Reaching the New Heights, KFH research LTD (September 2008) [online]http://www. liquidityhouse. com/upload/UAE_Real_Estate_-_12_Sep_08 _1443. pdf [accessed on 24/11/2011] †¢Dubai Investment News (28/03/2011), UAE office market is attractive and affordable http://www. thefirstgroup. com/dubai-property-investment-news/article. php? id=800478265 [accessed on 24/11/2011] †¢UAE Real Estate Sector – Global Research (June 2011) [online] http://www. globalinv. net/research/UAE-RealEstate-062011. pdf [accessed on 24/11/2011]

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